Human Rights Day: Responding to rising nationalism

by Simon Taylor

Reflecting on Human Rights Day, observed annually in South Africa on 21 March, I pondered the global call to uphold human dignity, equality, and freedom. In today’s world, these ideals are challenged by the resurgence of extreme nationalism, often characterised by promoting national identity, sovereignty, and economic self-interest over international cooperation and multiculturalism. While nationalism can foster unity and pride in a nation’s heritage, its more extreme forms pose significant threats to human rights, social cohesion, and global solidarity.

Nationalism, in its modern form, frequently emphasises “us vs. them” plots. Political leaders and movements in many parts of the world—including Europe, the United States, Afghanistan, India, and Argentina—have adopted nationalist rhetoric that stigmatises immigrants, religious minorities, and marginalised groups. This has led to discriminatory laws, tightened immigration policies, rising xenophobia, and, in some cases, violence. 

According to the United Nations Human Rights Council (2019), rising nationalism erodes multilateral efforts to protect vulnerable groups and promote global cooperation. For instance, in parts of Europe and North America, nationalist populism has fuelled anti-immigrant sentiment and opposition to multiculturalism. In countries like Myanmar and India, nationalist ideologies have been linked to religious intolerance and human rights abuses against minorities (Human Rights Watch, 2021). 

Nationalist policies also often undermine international human rights institutions, viewing them as threats to national sovereignty.

In contrast to these divisive tendencies, the Catholic Church emphasises the universal dignity of every human being. The Church’s social teachings promote the common good, which includes protecting human rights (Pope John XXIII, 1963). Rooted in the belief that all people are created “in the image of God” (Genesis 1:27), the Church promotes a vision of humanity bound together by mutual responsibility and care. The Catholic social tradition advocates for solidarity, the preferential option for the poor, and the protection of human rights (Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, 2004).

Pope Francis has been particularly outspoken against the dangers of rising nationalism. In his encyclical Fratelli Tutti, he warns against “narrow forms of nationalism” that neglect the common good and breed hostility toward outsiders. He calls for a renewed commitment to universal fraternity, emphasising that true peace and development can only come through cooperation, openness, and love for all people.

Moreover, Pope Francis has consistently defended the rights of migrants and refugees, challenging wealthy nations to welcome and support those fleeing violence, poverty, or persecution. In a 2019 address, he stated: “Nationalistic ideologies that neglect the common good are harmful and ultimately self-defeating” (Vatican News, 2019).

Catholic organisations, including Caritas, the Jesuit Refugee Service, and local dioceses worldwide, continue to offer humanitarian assistance, advocate for human rights, and oppose xenophobia. 

The Church’s role is not just spiritual—it is actively involved in creating a more just and inclusive world. While the rise of nationalism presents serious challenges to human rights and global solidarity, the Catholic Church offers a counter-narrative grounded in love, justice, and human dignity. On days like Human Rights Day, we are reminded that no ideology—nationalist or otherwise—should take precedence over the fundamental rights of all people.